"The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from whatever source derived, without apportionment among the several States, and without regard to any census or enumeration."
Congress is allowed to collect income taxes from whatever source, without need to share the revenue with states, and the census can't be used as a basis for distributing taxes.
http://www.foxbusiness.com/markets/2016/11/27/5-shocking-facts-about-federal-income-tax.html
This news article taught me a few new things about federal income tax, like that our current tax rates are historically low. The United States actually ranks 26 out of 28 most taxed developed countries in the world. That makes our current rate seem low.
Before the passage of the 16th amendment in 1913, most of the federal government's income came from taxes collected on imported goods. The 16th amendment was originally proposed as a way of collecting indirect taxes on unearned income. Apparently wages and salaries were exempt from taxation under the 16th amendment at first, and it was not anyone's original intention to put taxes on income and wages. Now we don't give paying taxes a second thought for the simple reason that we don't want to be sent to jail.
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